"The Play's the Thing"

          One of the main messages in Shakespeare's renowned Hamlet is the significance of acting in a certain manner. In fact, the play focuses on Hamlet's goal of avenging his dead father and how he sets about accomplishing this. It becomes clear that when opportunity presents itself, Hamlet is unable to perform the task. He insists "A villain kills my father, and for that/ I, his sole son, do this same villain send/ To heaven" (Act III, Scene 3) which is his weak excuse for not finishing his uncle in a vulnerable state. This incident does more than exasperate myself; it suggests Hamlet's ability to stretch out the pain and misfortune of his family rather than end it cleanly.
          Acting is showcased in a theatrical aspect as well. Hamlet adopts a role of insanity in order to mask his plotting endeavors. Professional performers have to be able to mimic a wide variety of mental states; this could demonstrate just how committed Hamlet is to the execution of his revenge. Moreover, the  Murder of Gonzago set-up acts as a ruse which forces the king to understand just how despicable his actions have been. The idea of a play-within-a-play reminds the audience it is subject to the realistic and manipulative nature of drama.
          It can be observed that acting in Hamlet is used to deepen the receptive effect and character intricacies. The same is true of any other play and life in general. It is as Shakespeare writes: "All the world's a stage." People even today act in calculated ways so as to obtain desirable results and to hide parts of their true identity.
         

America: Home of the Sadists

          In Miner's "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema", the author discusses the Nacirema's masochistic mentality and how horrifying it is to an outsider's point of view. So imagine my shock when I realize Nacirema is nothing more than a not very well-disguised cover for American culture and its ridiculous mindset.

          Miner points out "what seems to be a preponderantly masochistic people has developed into sadistic specialists" (Paragraph 12, 13-14). Can we even attempt to argue this? On of the country's most famous television shows is labelled "America's Funniest Home Videos". I have only happened to watch it once or twice, but when I did, it appeared to consist solely of unaware people getting hurt followed by the viewers screaming with laughter. This sort of schadenfreude is deemed conventional in America which only seems to enhance how despicable its inhabitants are in the eyes of people from other countries.

           Of course, receiving pleasure from pain is not exactly exclusive to the United States. One of the most striking characters of Golding's The Lord of the Flies--Roger, an English schoolboy--is an allegorical sadist who enjoys torturing the other boys. Similarly, in Brown's The DaVinci Code, the eerie assassin Silas experiences sensual relief when a "barbed cilice belt" cuts into his flesh (Chapter 15). Then again, Roger is an unenlightened child and--in this case--Silas is only harming himself. What is America's excuse?

Flamingo Fad

          Ever notice how nothing ever stays the same? Change is inevitable and it constantly alters normal practicalities. This tenet of life is heavily bolstered by Jennifer Price's essay "The Plastic Pink Flamingo: A Natural History". In the piece, the writer sculpts a position on society's transient view of a certain concept or symbol. She claims "in South Beach, especially, architects employed...bright pinks and flaming motifs" and that this is ironic because "Americans had hunted flamingos to extinction in Florida in the late 1800's for plumes and meat" (10-15). This information proves significant as it demonstrates how peoples' attitudes toward something can radically flip as time passes.
          Apparently, Americans used to regard flamingos purely as a resource in the 1800's. They would kill the birds for the meat and feathers, and practically destroy any trace of existing flamingos. Eventually, as flamingos spiraled upward to the height of glamour, they became the epitome of sophistication and extravagance. At this point, flamingos could be seen everywhere in Florida; their presence infused vibrant life into the community. Phenomena like this verify peoples' ability to adapt circumstances to their benefit, even if it differs from prior practices. Humans are fickle creatures; they are willing to change their entire view of something just to keep up with their trend-conscious society.

Knowing When To Let Go

          The theme of this week's reading revolves around rejecting common practices and ideas. Writers like Kincaid, Raymo, and Wilson use their literary skills to escape from conventional thinking in today's society.
          In "On Seeing England for the First Time", Jamaica Kincaid contemplates her childhood home and its constant infatuation with English tradition. She admits to being initially awestruck with the sophisticated, exotic country when she claims "We understood then...that England was meant to be our source of myth, and the source from which we got our sense of reality" (Paragraph 1, 23-26). Kincaid was hypnotized by the power and wonder England exuded because English culture was infused entirely into her up-bringing. Later, she acknowledges harboring resentment toward England as its impositions overwhelmed Antigua's culture. This piece emphasizes Kincaid's ability to realize the detrimental effect of English legacy and to disassociate herself from its captivating imperiousness.
          Likewise, in Raymo's "Measure of Restraint", the author conveys his vehement disgust of genetic manipulation, a monumental breakthrough in science that many approve of. While Raymo concedes that gene engineering has the potential to save several people, he insists the overall effect will cause more harm than help. Instead of appreciating the quick benefits of the process, Raymo agitates over the long-lasting effect of how "a gene is potentially immortal" (Paragraph 10, 20). His conviction that humans must stop meddling with nature links to his belief that they should relinquish scientific control and understand their limitations.
          E.O. Wilson is yet another writer who advocates sacrificing tradition. He penned two journal entries that capture the stereotypical cognition processes of environmentalists and those who oppose them.  The satire-laden first piece suggests leaving endagered land to its rightful owner, therefore hinting to environmentalists to refrain from typical conservation. By doing this, Wilson is able to mockingly resist normal ways to deal with environmental issues, and provide a different option that could still potentially be useful. He attempts to dissuade the tendency to clutch at power obsessively, so he can express to environmentalists that backing down can lead to good.
          In this way, these authors stress the importance of letting go of well-defined notions and creating fresh opinions that enhance independent thinking, untouched by familiar establishments.

         

Everything's A Lie

          This week our class began examining persuasion methods. We reviewed ethos (credibility), pathos (emotion) and logos (hard fact). Probably the most interesting thing I gleaned from the note-taking is that none of these factors necessarily have to be true in order to formulate an effective argument. It is ironic that the fundamental principles that create the basis for a solid argument can be completely faked or misconstrued.
For example, pathos can be over-manipulative. How many times have we heard people on television implore "Donate money to _____________ organization; all funds go to helpless children in Africa. With the money that you don't need, we can provide education, stability, and life to struggling African people."? This altruistic sentiment instantly forces people to endure guilt for enjoying their luxuries while their fellow humans suffer a devastating, endless existence. The problem resides in the fact that many of the celebrities reciting this campaign don't realize that some Americans don't have the money to relinquish for others' salvation. Also, why does "children in Africa" evoke such sympathy in people? While I ache for any agonized child, I am also pretty sure that not every single child in Africa is afflicted with miserable circumstances. The ridiculous use of generalization--almost racism--creates false images for the public to bear when appealed to for it compassion.
          Logos establishes solid evidence that bolsters the claim. Why, then, can supposedly irrefutable truth be twisted in several directions? This can be seen in an experiment regarding the jumping abilities of grasshoppers. Someone would clap, and the grasshopper would jump in response to the stimulus. Each time it jumped, it would lose a leg, and the distance covered would be less than the distance previously covered with one more leg. Eventually, the insect would not be able to jump, regardless of the clap. The scientific conclusion to these trials determined that the number of legs was directly proportional to the distance jumped, and that each leg functions specifically for the act of jumping. However, a little boy witnessing the event perceived that the less legs a grasshopper has, the more deaf it becomes to external sound. Shockingly, this also falls in agreement with the data recorded and could be hypothetically accurate. In this way, evidence is not so objective; it is still open to interpretation and the separate parties' purposes.

          Ethos defines reliability on the part of the writer. This one is the easiest to fake. Several politicians appear reputable, but possess skeletons in the closet that they cannot afford to reveal. Yet, they still succeed at their goal: to sway voters to their side. Clearly, their reputations--whether valid or not--play a big part whenever people decide to trust them. In addition, people want to feel authority from an expert when they read or hear arguments. Nevertheless, anyone can pretend he knows what he is talking about in a written piece. In these days,  Internet connections facilitate arguments by offering quick information with almost no work required.

          Therefore, persuasive appeals are little more than tricks debaters use to pull proponents to their sides. They can be genuine, but it makes no difference in their overall effect on the public's views.

A Rare Read

          Brent Staples's "Black Men and Public Space" is one of the most unique passages I have read in English class. From Maya Angelou to Judith Ortez Cofer to Sherman Alexie, narratives regarding racial conceptions are typically written to protest prejudice and communicate indignation. This practice is totally justified and necessary in order to discourage this sort of racial judgement, but it is also refreshing to witness a writer who has learned to accept his appearance and its implications on society.

          Staples depicts himself as a "black man...a broad six feet two inches with a beard and billowing hair" to allow his readers to evaluate their initial impression of him (Paragraph 1, 6-7). He is aware that these characteristics make others view him with suspicion. When describing the defensive actions women take when they encounter him, he readily agrees that "the danger they perceive is not a hallucination" (Paragraph 5, 4). Staples's forgiving and sympathetic personality radiates throught this line, forging him into a character that is able to live with his unnerving skill of altering public tension.

          This example can be juxtaposed with the overall tone of Sherman Alexie's Indian Education. When Alexie reads the newspaper declaring "Indians Lose Again", he snarkily challenges "Go ahead and tell me none of this is supposed to hurt me very much" (Eleventh Grade, 8-9). I don't include this to trivialize Alexie's experiences and suffering, but the attitude it evokes varys widely with that of Staple's. Both pieces portray young men as heavily penalized for their background, and both entwine dark imagery and foreboding diction to convey despair. However, Alexie's passages constantly stimulate pity and self-deprecation, whereas Staples continues to assure his readers of his understanding of human categorization.

          It seems to me that Staples is able to distinguish himself by rising above public hate and maintaining a positive demeanor about his situation. When most writers get a chance to share their private experiences with society, they take it as a chance to expel all their memories of injustice to wholeheartedly shame the people who treated them unfairly. Staples manages to refrain from joining this group, and recognizes that his ability to bend public space is only a curse if he makes it so. That's what makes him such a striking individual: he is willing to excuse rudeness as normal behavior and use it to strengthen his identity.

The Loneliest Twin in History?

          It is commonly thought that identical twins share the same personalities and preferences in addition to their exterior appearances.  However, due to epigenetic inheritance--genetic makeup regardless of chromosome content-- and surrounding environments, identical siblings can develop their distinct traits and styles.

          This is definitely true of Sarah Vowell and her twin sister, Amy Vowell, who display vastly different personalitites in the former's piece "Shooting Dad". In the essay, Sarah Vowell communicates her disgust of guns and her father's love of them. This proves highly irregular, as her father has crafted weapons her whole life, and her twin sister adores the family tradition of learning about gun use and warfare.

          When Sarah recounts first shooting a gun, she remembers "the sound it made was as big as God...like a foe; it hurt" (Paragraph 11, 4-5). Interestingly enough, when Sarah matures and attempts to understand her father's joy in guns, she admits feeling "giddiness when the cannon shot off" (Paragraph 24, 1-2). Therefore, it is shown that the narrator doesn't despise weapons as much as she thought. She defines herself as an artist, a music enthusiast, which allows her to finally appreciate the deafening sound produced from the release of a trigger.

          The final impression of Sarah Vowell leaves the reader thinking she is very similar to her father and her sister. In this way, Amy Vowell --portrayed as the "loneliest twin in history"--only had to suffer from this paradoxical affliction until her sister was ready to accept the glory of firing guns. Perhaps identical twins who possess different characteristics are more alike than even they themselves deem; it takes time for separate individuals to acquire similar interests and passions.

The Power of Arms

          In Manning's piece "Arm Wrestling With My Father", the author uses the father's arm to represent strength and nurture passed down to him. The continuous use of synecdoche and symbolism defines Manning's father as a powerful force that teaches Manning mental confidence and parental responsibility. The formidable arm portrayed in the essay evokes both a sense of bitterness and love in Manning, who regards his father as someone who can only communicate  effectively through his body.
          Manning's father is not the only person whose arms manifest hope and strength. Earlier, we read about Joe Louis, an African American boxer. In Maya Angelous's recollection, she reminisces about her friends and family's pride in the athlete's physical abilities. For other African Americans of the time, Joe Louis's strong arms promoted salvation; an end to racial discrimination. In fact, in Detroit, there is a statue of Joe Louis's arm caught mid-punch. This demonstrates that it is common for people to remember admirable figures by their dedication and raw power.
          Therefore, arms are common symbols for memories of intensity. The piece "Arm Wrestling With My Father" recounts Manning's feelings towards his father's efforts of love. Also, the way the author associates his father's arms with the actual person relates to the historical trend--like with Joe Louis--of affiliating power to a part of person, as opposed to his or her entire being.

Paradoxical Situations

          This week we wrote an essay based on Nancy Mairs's piece on the word 'cripple' and how it applies to disabled people. Throughout the passage, she asserts her annoyance of how disabled people are perceived as weak and pitiful by society. Mairs establishes herself as a dignified woman with multiple sclerosis who is able to maintain pride with herself, condition and all.
          Certainly, it is always difficult to know how to act around people  afflicted with disabilities. Being overly solicitous comes off as condescending and irritating to the person affected. On the same token, attempting to interact normally with someone disabled ignores any special attention he or she is accustomed to. Therefore, it is highly possible that if people paid no attention to Mairs and treated her as normal, she would still be affronted by the lack of respect shown.

          This sort of paradox is also displayed in Annie Dillard's "The Chase". Dillard begins the narrative by describing her joy in throwing snowballs at oncoming cars. When a man from one of the cars gets out, he chases Dillard and her friend across dozens of snowy backyards. During the chase, the man is temporarily converted to a childlike figure willing to play with the others. When he finally captures the kids in order to scold them, Dillard recounts being let down that he reverts to his typical adult self. However, if the man had really been a child with no intention of punishment, there would have been nothing extraordinary about the journey across the neighborhood. In this way, whether or not the man acts his age is a source of disappointment to Dillard who reveres this lively adult as a miracle.

What Is Wrong With My Writing and What I Intend To Do About It

          This week we took a practice grammar test to evaluate our strengths and weaknesses in identifying mistakes of proper English language. I discovered that my main problems lie in sentence structure and redundancy. I discovered that my main problems lie in sentence structure and redundancy. Interestingly enough, I struggle with the same types of issues in my essays and timed writing assignments. Instead of just vowing to work harder, I wanted to understand why this happens. The answer is obvious: we speak a language that deviates widely from standard English and when talking, it is encouraged to repeat oneself several times to emphatically convey a point. That's why I am from now on going to try to refine my speech and writing so that it maintains clarity and form.

Furthermore, writing is very subjective. It is pretty much impossible to reach a point at which there is no room for improvement. I used to hate this about writing, but I now know that it is a blessing.  There is no formula for success, but neither is there method for failure. I have learned that simply having the ability to write cohesively gives one an advantage not only in school, but also in today's world.